Any shampoo whether professional or store bought will contain the same types of ingredients:
Surfactants are the cleansers in shampoos. Everybody knows that oil and water doesn't mix, so they use surfactant molecules which have both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. The hydrophobic part of the molecule is attracted to oils, whilst the hydrophilic end is attracted to water, allowing the oils to become suspended in the water and washed out.
If someone has a particularly dry scalp/ hair they might choose to use a shampoo with more gentle surfactants or sulphate-free, which will not remove as much oils as other surfactants.
People often blame shampoos for colour fade, or claim that dandruff shampoos fade hair colour, however the effect of surfactants on haircolour is negligible, it is water alone that is almost entirely responsible for colour fade during shampooing. When the hair is wet, water enters the cortex, drawing out the colour molecules with it. You can find the same surfactants in professional and store bought products.
The second component of shampoos are the conditioning elements. 'Cleansing' or 'volume' shampoos will not contain as much conditioning ingredients as shampoos for dry or coloured hair as they can weigh the hair down. Hair is naturally surrounded by a hydrophobic film of fatty acids that repel water of the surface to control moisture and lubricate the hair. When the hair is colored this water-proofing film is removed, water can more freely enter the hair shaft, resulting in more colour being water out of the hair during shampooing. This is replaced by conditioning ingredients such as cationic polymers which are positively charged, and are attracted to the negative charges in hair, and silicones that will also help to smooth the hair surface.
You can find the same silicones and other conditioning agents in professional and store bought products.
Finally shampoos will contain cosmetic ingredients such as thickeners that may give the illusion of a more concentrated product. Consumers with oily scalp often prefer more transparent shampoos, whilst those with dry who use conditioning shampoos prefer products with a thicker 'richer' texture.
Along with thickeners products may also contain opacifiers to give the product a more milky texture, added colours and perfumes.
This is all related to the 'halo effect' which means if the users likes the smell, texture, colour etc. of the products they will perceive it as doing a better job than say, an unscented shampoo in a plain bottle.