Mixing ratio 1-1 permanent 1-2 highlift also all the permanent colours can be used as semis, you just use a different developer.... The highlifts are nice they have HLA HLB HLN and HLG, took a while to get used to the letters but it's pretty self explanatory A- ash B-beige N-natural G-gold, they have also brought out a ultra highlift range which I love. The toners are good because unlike others I have used in that past where you have to rush to get it on quick these take 5-20 mins to take. I still have some favourite toners in clynol I use, perhaps I think the joico toners are not as strong, also there are mix tones you can add I love INS- silver intensifier you can add to highlifts, CCV -violet corrector, you can add to highlifts to reduce the gold and they also have a LB-lightening booster you add to highlifts for extra lift..... The colours always come out lovely hair is reconstructed while being coloured which I think joico is the only colour brand to have this. They have joico scalp creme bleach, is it kinder to the scalp bit still achieve the same lift and the powder bleach which is kinder to the hair (as kind as bleach can be). The colours don't have to be shampooed out, just emulsified and then you add the 2 step treatment from the Kpak 4 step treatment. The only awkward bit they say before colours to Wah the hair with chelating shampoo, but then obviously you have to blast the hair which adds an extra 10-15 mins onto service (unless you have a junior that can start this process before) I personally don't do this everytime, as it's unrealistic and would not be cost effective to add 15 mins onto every colour service I do.... Sorry for the essay and mind my spelling, I am on my phone lol overall really please with joico I have used loreal and clynol colours before Must say joico colours are my fave so far x